Curriculum Change in Indonesia: A Critical Review
During two decades, educational curriculum in Indonesia
often changes namely Curriculum of 1994, Competence-Based Curriculum (KBK), and
Curriculum of Educational Unit Level (KTSP) respectively. The transformation is
an effort of Government to raise educational system. Educational and Cultural
Ministry (Kemdikbud) will recently change educational curriculum and will be
implemented at 2013/2014, where existence of educational system in the KTSP
didn’t agree with period development (Kompas, 5/9/2012).
Conceptually substance in the each curriculum is very
effective to progress educational system in Indonesia, however practically
teachers aren’t responsive and feel confuse to the transformation, so that many
teachers don’t agree with the idea. There is a stigma, the more frequently
curriculum transformation, the greater teacher’s problem.
Actually educational curriculum is always dinamic in wihich
it follows various demands of period development. Information technology now
develops so fast, so that teachers must follow the developments and can use the
technology as references and learning media. However, basic problems are that
students and educational facilities in Indonesia vary according to each of region,
for example culture, social, economic, and intelectuality. Maybe educational
facilities in urban area are more completely than rural area, and teachers in
Java Island are more proportionally than other Islands.
The evidence looks real from existence of 3T’s program where
the program was implemented at 2011 by Government collaborated with some Universities
(eks-IKIP) to recruit fresh graduates in Java. The graduates were sent to NTT,
Aceh, and other Provinces to teach in schools because the schools had less
teacher. The effort indicates that teacher in the Province is very little and
isn’t proportional, so that this must be noticed and understood by Government
concerning this problem.
Purpose of National Education
Plan of main goal in new curriculum will be pursposed to
thematic, where it is hoped to develop tree important competences namely attitude,
skill, and knowledge; in addition, attitude education will be pressured to
elementary level, so that its consequence will decrease some lessons and change
teaching pattern to become easier than before (Suara Merdeka 29/9/2012).
Properly the purpose isn’t only written in the Curriculum only, but it needs
real implementation. Because of student’s criminality recently, attitude education
ough to be applied to all educational levels so that it can reduce student’s
criminality.
Purpose of national education in Undang Undang RI Nomor 20 tahun 2003 about National Education
System is “to develop student’s potential so that he becomes faithfull man to
God and has good attitude, health, smart, capable, crative, independent and
becomes democratic citizen and has responsible”. It can be inferred that not
only to derive tree competences, but also to get attitude education are very
important to be applied.
If it is viewed basically, educational purpose which will be
achieved by Indonesian Government are to educate people’s lives. Therefore,
Government since new orde (orde baru) has already provide wide
opportunity to all Indonesian citizens to derive education. This agrees with UUD 1945 pasal 31 ayat 1 namely “each Indonesia
citizen has a rigth to get teaching”. This indicates that each student in
various regions in Indonesia has a same opportunity to derive teaching and
educational facility, so that Government must realize substance in the UUD.
Recommendation
Transformation of curriculum isn’t easy, but it needs
judgment comprehensivelly which agree with real condition. Where various
impacts will possibly occur, it can also come out APBN. With new curriculum, it
will possibly increase new problems to students and teachers, because they must
quickly adapt to the curriculum. Although the purpose which is hoped by
Ministry is a teaching pattern easily, it is possibly not successfull. This
will effect various problems if Government hurries to change educational
curriculum.
Progress of educational system ough to be started from
increasing teachers’s capability with increasing their prosperities. How will
the teachers teach perfectly if their prosperities are little? Many teachers in
Indonesia still have poor economic condition, so that they must be appreciated
highly because of their commitments and responsibilities to serve to Indonesian
Government. Teachers play important role to raise student’s achievement,
however, so far thier existences are still underestimated. Although there was a
program of teacher’s proffesion recently, honorary-teacher’s prosperity is
still not yet maximal, because many teachers have a side job to meet their life
demands. Exactly, transformation of curriculum will increase problem to
teachers.
In addition, donation from Government must be increased
their quantities to be allocated to schools which have not yet a complete
facilitiy, so that the donation can raise student’s achievement, for example
using information technology such as learning media will provide contribution
toward information generalization which is taught by teachers and will decrease
student’s verbalism.
If Government will really change curriculum with various
judgments, I have some recommendations namely (i) new curriculum doesn’t
increase problem to teachers, and the curriculum can be easily understood by
teachers; (ii) attitude education must be applied to all education levels, from
elementary level up to university level; (iii) the curriculum must agree with
each of local-school condition because each region in Indonesia varies culture,
economic, competence, and facility; (iv) the curriculum can progress
educational system in Indonesia, so that alumni can compete with other nations.
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